Lubricating oil



I becalled precipit'ants.

. Patented Oct.- 7, 1941 UNITED- STATES PATENT OFFICE- LUBRICATING 01L IBert 11. Lincoln and Gordon D. Byrldt, Ponca City, Okla., assignors toContinental Oil Company, Ponca City, Okla., a corpdration of Dela-' wareNo Drawing.

4 Claims.

lubricant. Some of these newer bearing compositions are cadmium-silver,copper-lead and alloys of lead with alkali and alkaline earth metals.These comparatively soft metals are corroded readily by oils which havebeen used for a short time in the engine- One method of overcoming thisdiificulty would be to use more resistant bearing compositions, andanother would be to use an oil which does not develop these corrosivematerials during use. Still another method would be to use a lubricantcontaining a material which would react with and render inert thecorrosive products as rapidly as they are formed. Our invention is notconcerned with the first method but with the other two possibilities.Various addends have been proposed for addition to lubricants for thepurpose of inhibiting the formation of corrosive materials during use.These may be called antioxidants, since they increase the time of usebefore rapid oxidation after it has started. Various addends have alsobeen proposed to be added to lubricants for the purpose of reactingwithsuch corrosive materials, as may in time be formed, and removing themfrom the oil so that they are unable to corrode'the parts beinglubricated. These may proposes addends combining these two capabilitiesin the same molecule to give an unexpectedly superior activity in bothrespects over what would be expected from simply the additive effectalone.

Certain compounds are adsorbed or absorbed by metals forming tenaciousfilms at the surface of metals which are able to stand high pressures.

taining an atom or group of atoms exhibiting a secondary or residualvalence, tend to produce regimentation of the molecules .hydrocarbon"oil when added thereto. A met immersed in a strongly polar compoundwill show a film of The present invention.

Application July 5, 1940, Serial No. 344,113

the compound in which there is a regimentation of molecules orientedwith respect to the surface of the metal by which they are adsorbed orabsorbed.

One object of our invention is to provide a substantially noncorrosivelubricant for use with the newer, easily corroded bearing compositions.It is to be noted, however, that the improved lubricant here describedis advantageously employed with all typesof bearings, since it is lesscorrosive during use with any of the metals commonly encountered inpractice.

Another object of the invention isto provide a lubricant inhibitedagainst oxidation during use.

A further object is to provide a lubricant containing an addend capableof reacting with or otherwise rendering inert such corrosive products asmay be formed during extended use.

Other objects of the invention will appear in the following description.

Our invention comprises the addition to all kinds of lubricants of saltsor soaps of organic bases with sulfur bearing acids. These salts may beof diverse types and both the anionic and cationic parts of these soapsmay be varied. Thus the cations may be derived from primary, secondary,or tertiary amines or quaternary ammonium bases. The organic radicals inthese amines and ammonium bases may be aliphatic,

aromatic or otherwise cyclic aralkyl or otherwise mixed in type and maycontain halogen, oxygen, sulfur or other inorganic elements. Thesulfurbearing acidic radicals mayiontain sulfur in various forms. Theymay be thio-esters, mercap tans, sulfones, heterocyclic sulfur rings, orsulfurized unsaturated acids or sulfur-chloride treated unsaturatedacids and the like. I In the following examples, any of the cations maybe used with any of the anions to form these soaps; and it is to beunderstood that each of these combinations when blended, suspended, orotherwise mixed with a lubricant is an example of the invention.

10. Sulfurized cholic acid I 11. Sulfurized naphthenic acids .8.Phosphorus sulfide-treated acids (containing phosphorus and sulfur) 1.Phosphorus pentasulfide-treated corn oil acids 2. Phosphorus trisulfldetreated corn oil acids 3. Phosphorus pentasulflde-treated soy oil acids4. Phosphorus pentasulfide-treated oleic acid .5. Phosphoruspentasulflde-treated linoleic acid C. Sulfur chloride-treated acids l.Sulfur chloride-treated oleic acid 2. Sulfur chloride-treatedlinoleic 1. Mercapto acids 0. Mercapto-stearic acid. b. Mercapto-aceticacid 0. Thiophenol 4 carboxylic acid 01. Thiophenylacetic acid e.Mercapto-chlorostearic acid 2. Sulfldo acids a. Methylmercapto-stearicacid b. Ethylmercaptophenyl acetic acid 0. Amylmercaptobenzene 4carboxylic acid d. Methylmercapto chloro stearic acid 3. Sulfone acidsa. Ethylsulione beta-carboxylic acid b. Phenylsulfone 4 carboxylic acid0. Clflorophenylsulfone-Z-carboxylic acid 4. 'Disulflde acids a.Ethyldisulfudobenzene 2 carboxylic acid b. Amyldisulildophenylacetlcacid c. Benzyldisulfldobenaylstearic acid 5. Sulfonic acids a. Benzenesulfonic acid 12. Tri isopropylnaphthalene sulfonic acid c.Chloronaphthalene sulfonic acid d. Amyl sulfonic acid 6. Sulfinic acidsa. Benzene sulfinic acid b. n-Butyl sulilnic acid '7. Sulfato acids 4:.Acid, sulfate of l2-hydroxystearic acid b. Acid. sulfate of ricinolelcacid 0. Neutral sulfate of l2-hydroxystearic acid 8. Sulflto acids a.Sulflte of l2-hydroxystearic acid b. Suiflte of ricinoleic acid 9.Xanthates a. Ethylxanthate b. Butylxanthate c. Amylxanthate d.Benzylxanthate A Primary amines l. Aliphatic Methyl amine, ethyl amine,amyl amine, dodecyl (lauryl) amine, octadecyl amine, oleylamine,ethanolamine, methyl ester of glycine, chloroethylamine, and propylenediamine 2. Carbocyclic a. Aromatic Aniline, toluidine, amino diphenyl,sulfanilic acid, picryl amine, alpha and beta naphthyl amines, and thephenylene diamines b. Naphthenic Cyclohexyl amine, methyl cyclopentylamine, and hcxahydrophenylene diamines 3. Heterocyclic I I Aminopyridineand aminobenzofuran 13. Secondary amines l. Aliphatic Dimethylamine,,diamylamine,

ethyl amyl amine, and diethanolamine 2. Carbocyclic a. Aromatic Methylaniline, diphenylamine, phenyl alphanaphthylamine, amylaniline, andditolylamine b. Naphthenic Dicyclohexylamine .and

methyl cyclohexylamine 3. Heterocyclic Methylamino pyridine C. Tertiaryamines l. Aliphatic I Trimethyl amine, triamylamine, and triethanolamineI 2. Carbocyclic a. Aromatic Triphenylamine, dimethylaniline, anddiamylaniline QOQJQUIIFWN I). Naphthenic Tricyclohexylamine,

methyl dicyclohexylamine, and dimethyl cyclohexylamine 3. HeterocyclicPyridine, dimethyl aminoben- The soaps derived from these organic basesmay contain in the organic radical an additional element or combinationof elements including the halogens, sulfur, phosphorus, nitrogen, or

oxygen. I

Some of the combinations of the cations with the anions are listedbelow, but it is obvious that all the possible combinations serve asexamples of the invention when admixed with lubricating oils or greases:

1. Methyl ammonium salts oil acids Amyl ammonium salts of sulfurized soybean oil acids Octadecylammonium salts of sulfurized beta fat Propylenediammonium salts of sulfurized linoleic acid Alpha-naphthylammoniumsalts of sulfurized oleic acid Cyclohexylammonium salts ofsulfur-chloride treated corn oil acids I Benzofurylammonium salts ofsulfur-chloride treated soy bean oil acids.

. Diethanolammonium salts of sulfur-chloride treated beta fat J Methylphenyl ammonium salts of sulfurchloride treated linoleic acid ofsulfurized corn '14. Tetramethylammonium ethyl sulfone-betacarboxylatel5. Trimethyl amyl ammonium amylsulfidophenylacetate 16. Trimethylbenzyl ammonium amyixanthate 17. Trimethyl cyclohexyl ammonium'salts ofthe reaction product of benzyl disulfide, dichlorostearic acid, andaluminum chloride.

The addends of this invention have a dual action in a lubricant. Ouraction involves increased load-carrying ability and/or oiliness, whileanother action is directed to thestability Dicyclohexylammonium salts ofsuliur-chlo-.

pour point depressors may be present.

of the lubricant. For load-carrying capacity,-

quantities ranging from 0.1 per cent to about 10.0 per cent must beadded. As an anticor- 'rosive agent and/or an antisludging agent, muchsmaller amounts must be used, ranging from approximately 0.001 to 0.1per cent. The action of the sulfur-bearing organic soaps is specific butdifficult to understand. These compounds may be added to any type ofhydrocarbon lubricants, but show an unusual value in highly refined andsolvent-treated lubricants.

The lubricating oil portion of the blends of our invention may beso-called mineral or hydrocarbon oils or may consist of whollyor'contain only in part certain fatty oils including corn oil, soy beanoil, lard oil, and the like; The blends may contain voltolized oils orsynthetic oils of lubricating viscosity. Soap thickened or otherwisethickened oils used as greases may be employed. Addends for otherpurposes such as Mixtures of a number of these compounds may beemployed.

It will be understood that certain features and sub-combinations are ofutility and may be employed without reference to other features andsub-combinations. This'is contemplated by and is within the scope of ourclaims. It is further obvious that various changes may be made indetails within the scope of our claims without departing from th spiritof our invention.

It is therefore to be understood that our invention is not to be limitedto the specific details shown and described.

Having thus described our invention, we claim: 1. A lubricant comprisingin combination a major proportion of an oil of lubricatingviscosity anda minor proportion of a salt of a quaternary amgionium base and asulfur-bearing organic ac:

2. A lubricant comprising in combination a major proportion of an ofl oflubricating viscosity and a minor proportion 01' triamylammoniummercaptostearate.

3. A lubricant comprising in combination a major proportion of an oil oflubricating viscosity and a minor proportion of the cyclohexylammoniumsalts of sulfur-chloride treated soy bean oil acids.

4. A lubricant comprising in combination a major proportion of an oil oflubricating viscosity and a minor proportion of aipha-na-phthylammoniumsalts of sulfurized oleic acid.

BERT H. LINCOLN. I GORDON D. BYRKIT.

